황민석 Min-seok Hwang , 최찬영 Chan-young Choi , 구성관 Sungkwan Ku , 홍교영 Gyo-young Hong

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.1 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 1-9, 2025

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The satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) is a system defined as an international standard by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to provide correction and integrity information for signal errors from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) via geostationary satellites for use by aircraft. As more countries operate and develop SBAS, the coverage area receiving multiple SBAS signals in certain regions is expected to expand, leading to increased research on integrating SBAS or fusing correction information. Accordingly, this paper compares the performance of a single SBAS system (KASS) and a multi-SBAS system based on a weighted model using KASS, BDSBAS, and MSAS near Yangyang airport, Gwangju airport, Incheon airport, and Gimhae airport. Experimental results confirmed that the use of a multi-SBAS system improved positioning performance compared to a single KASS system in all four regions.

이승준 Seungjun Lee , 홍승범 Seungpum Hong , 김도현 Dohyun Kim , 장효석 Hyoseok Chang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.10 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 10-15, 2025

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Safe and efficient airspace management support is essential to enable multiple aircraft to fly freely and seamlessly in urban areas. The existing human-centered air traffic management control system has limitations in managing the complex UAM operation environment, so an advanced information processing-based traffic management system is required. In this study, a technology for UAM flight monitoring and tracking using smartphones was developed, and the practical feasibility was presented by confirming the error range and other factors through empirical analysis. Although there are still improvements to be made, such as improved location accuracy and security issues, it is expected to contribute to efficient UAM traffic management in the near future.

이승준 Seungjun Lee , 오수환 Soohwan Oh

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.16 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 16-22, 2025

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Unlike existing transportation modes where future demand can be projected based on past performance, UAM remains an uncommercialized future transport system with no clearly established models or procedures for demand estimation. Most current approaches treat UAM as a single transport option, replacing the modal share of existing transportation modes between origins and destinations. This study proposes a framework to estimate UAM demand based on tourism and transport services. To demonstrate a framework for UAM demand estimation, Jeju Island was selected as the spatial scope for a case analysis. However, as the demand estimation process in this study relies on numerous assumptions, continuous evaluation and refinement are necessary before applying the results to policy-making. Finally, this study aims to serve as a reference for future UAM demand forecasting in Korea and provide a guideline for suggesting UAM operation strategies.

오수환 Soohwan Oh , 이승준 Seungjun Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.23 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 23-30, 2025

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Urban Air Mobility(UAM) is an innovative transport system utilizing urban airspace for passenger and cargo movement, offering a solution to traffic congestion and environmental challenges. This study analyzes UAM service types (passenger, cargo, public, tourism), key demand factors (travel time, cost, accessibility), and effective demand estimation methods. For passenger transport, Stated Preference(SP) and Revealed Preference(RP) approaches are examined, while emergency helicopter and helicopter tourism data are explored for public and tourism service demand estimation. The study proposes research directions tailored to each UAM service type. UAM has high potential in reducing travel time, improving logistics, enhancing disaster response, and expanding tourism. Successful implementation requires accurate demand forecasting, policy support, and infrastructure development, and this study provides a foundation for these efforts.

노지은 Ji-eun Roh , 원진주 Jin-ju Won , 이원진 Won-jin Lee , 김용민 Yong-min Kim , 곽용길 Yong-kil Kwak

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.31 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 31-36, 2025

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In modern airborne AESA(active electronically scanned array) radars, electronic beam steering capability and efficient radar resource management have significantly improved multi-target tracking capability. The number of simultaneously tracked targets, along with maximum detection and tracking ranges, constitutes a critical performance parameter for radar systems. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of simultaneous tracking performance in air-to-air mode, considering various target types. The performance is validated through multiple target scenarios simulated in an SIL(system integration laboratory) test environment, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We designed scenarios to verify performance by simulating multiple targets approaching from the same distance, evaluating threat level changes during simultaneous tracking with missile data link, and assessing target prioritization in a complex environment with both approaching and departing targets.

이동호 Dong Ho Lee , 조영진 Young Jin Cho

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.37 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 37-44, 2025

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With the advancement of aircraft automation systems, many aspects of flight operations have been automated. However, situational awareness remains a crucial factor in making quick and accurate decisions during flight. Recent developments in eye tracking technology have increased the feasibility of quantitatively analyzing pilots' eye movements, leading to expanded research in the aviation field. This study utilizes pilot eye tracking data and applies the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to analyze gaze movement patterns and attention shifts across different flight phases. The results indicate that pilots' gaze fixation areas vary depending on the flight phase, with a tendency for increased cognitive workload during landing and approach. Additionally, the quantitative analysis of pilots gaze transitions confirms the feasibility of assessing changes in attention states. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of pilot training programs.

구의준 Eui-jun Ku , 장효석 Hyo-seok Chang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.45 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 45-51, 2025

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Due to mountainous terrain north of the Gimhae airport, only circling approach is established to runway 18L/R rather than straight-in approach. Some airlines put random waypoint into FMC (flight management computer) on the circling approach route or request further descent below MDA (minimum descent altitude) before MAP (missed approach point). Considering the number of traffic of Gimhae airport and terrain and obstacles, this type of approach method has lower navigation safety. This paper will review possibility of establishment of RNP (required navigation performance) straight-in instrument approach procedure using FAA ExVS (extended visual segment) and VGF (visual guidance fix) into runway 18R. This procedure provide continuous lateral and vertical guidance advisory at visual segment below MDA and higher navigation safety than current procedure is expected.

김용찬 Yongchan Kim , 구성관 Sungkwan Ku

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.52 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 52-60, 2025

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Due to the increase in air traffic and the implementation of CORSIA, the global community’s interest in environmental issues of the aviation industry is increasing. Accordingly, it is necessary to reduce carbon emissions through prediction and reduction of aircraft fuel consumption. In this research, the estimated fuel consumption of flights operating in domestic airspace was identified through simulation using AEDT. For estimating fuel consumption, actual trajectory data were collected and input into the simulation model for analysis. As a result, estimates of fuel consumption by flight stage were identified and compared by route and aircraft type, and the statistical significance between the estimation results for each route was confirmed through one-way analysis of variance. The results are basic data on fuel consumption estimation by route and aircraft type, and are expected to be used to establish measures to reduce aircraft fuel consumption to reduce carbon emissions.

김재현 Jae-hyeon Kim , 이동민 Dong-min Lee , 이명진 Myeong-jin Lee , 나종화 Jong-whoa Na

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.61 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 61-72, 2025

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This paper proposes a risk cost model for safe route planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in urban environments. Minimizing third-party damage from potential accidents requires a comprehensive evaluation of risk factors such as population density, vehicle density, building information, terrain data, and specific areas where people and vehicles congregate. The proposed model integrates these elements to compute risk costs for people, vehicles, and buildings. By incorporating population and vehicle density distributions, it calculates the human and vehicle risk costs, with additional consideration of terrain information for people-related risks. Furthermore, building height and area are used to determine building risk costs. A case study conducted in Seoul, Republic of Korea, demonstrates that the new model can reduce potential risk costs by up to 16.71% compared to existing models. These findings suggest that the proposed approach significantly enhances UAV operational safety in urban settings, providing a valuable framework for future research and practical applications.

김성현 Sung-hyun Kim , 최지헌 Jihun Choi , 김규왕 Kyu Wang Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.73 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 73-78, 2025

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Notices to Air Missions or Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) provide essential information for aircraft operations. However, the current text-based NOTAM system, due to its large volume and irrelevant information, fails to effectively deliver critical flight safety information to pilots. While the FAA and other organizations have introduced graphical NOTAMs on a limited basis, pilots predominantly continue to rely on text-based NOTAMs due to various limitations. This study aims to develop a real-time graphical NOTAM system for runway and taxiway information at Incheon international airport using QGIS and Python. The proposed system is designed to help pilots quickly and intuitively understand airport restrictions within a limited timeframe, enhancing both efficiency and situational awareness.

양동권 Dong-gwon Ywang , 권우혁 U-hyuk Kweon , 구성관 Sungkwan Ku , 홍교영 Gyo-young Hong

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.79 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 79-86, 2025

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Advancements in satellite navigation systems enable multi-GNSS positioning globally, but error factors like inter-system bias (ISB) must be addressed to enhance accuracy. ISB arises from differences in time systems and signal structures between systems. This study evaluates GPS, Galileo, and BDS positioning accuracy before and after ISB correction in two environments: an open sky environment with optimal satellite visibility and an urban environment with limited visibility, signal interference, and multipath effects. Results show significant ISB fluctuations in urban environments. ISB correction improved positioning accuracy across systems, except for vertical errors in urban environments.

여준호 Junho Yeo , 이종익 Jong-ig Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.87 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 87-92, 2025

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In this paper, a capacitively-coupled filtering microstrip patch antenna operating in the 5.8 GHz ISM band was proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a modified U-shaped patch with a slot and a microstrip transmission line with an inverted T-shaped end arranged with some spacing. A conventional inset-fed square microstrip patch antenna was designed using an IS680-320 substrate with dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 0.762 mm, and the performance was compared. Simulation results show that the frequency band of the conventional inset-fed square microstrip patch antenna with a voltage standing wave ratio less than 2 was 5.759-5.841 GHz(1.41%), whereas that of the proposed capacitively-coupled filtering microstrip patch antenna was 5.702-5.898 GHz(3.38%). The measured frequency band of the fabricated capacitively-coupled filtering microstrip patch antenna was 5.662-5.898(4.08%), which was increased compared to the simulation result, but satisfied the 5.8 GHz ISM band with a band-pass filter function.

김영 Young Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.93 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 93-98, 2025

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This paper presents a 3-way power divider with various splitting ratios using broadside slot coupled lines and analyzes its characteristics. The broadside slot coupler has a slot in the middle ground to allow coupling between the microstrips on the top and bottom surfaces. By controlling the coupling coefficient between the microstrip on the top surface and the microstrip on the bottom surface, a 3-way power divider with various splitting ratios between the output ports was implemented. In order to verify that the power divider characteristics are obtained in this structure, a 3-way power divider with splitting ratios of 1:1:1, 2:1:1, and 4:2:1 was fabricated using broadside slot couplers at a center frequency of 2 GHz, and it was confirmed that the characteristics of the fabricated power divider were in good agreement with the simulation results.

황선희 Sunhee Hwang , 김유두 Yu-doo Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.99 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 99-106, 2025

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BCI technology enables human-machine interaction by interpreting neural signals, with EEG being a prominent modality due to its practicality and efficiency. This study proposes a deep learning-based approach for detecting driver drowsiness using single-channel EEG signals. The EEG data, sourced from a publicly available dataset, were recorded using the NeuroSky MindWave headset, a single-channel device that measures voltage differences between the frontal lobe and earlobes. The proposed Residual LSTM model incorporates residual connections to enhance temporal feature extraction and reduce information loss, demonstrating superior performance compared to baseline models. The residual LSTM achieved an accuracy of 85.36% and F1 scores of 0.8496 for awake states and 0.8575 for drowsy states, surpassing all other models. This research demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed method in monitoring operator states, improving safety and efficiency.

정용진 Yong-jin Jung , 오창헌 Chang-heon Oh

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.107 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 107-112, 2025

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The performance of a prediction model is difficult to expect if it is trained using data unrelated to the prediction target. Therefore, selecting data for training prediction models is crucial. Generally, correlation analysis is used to select training data for effective learning. This paper compares the results of correlation analysis with SHAP to analyze the variables that influence the prediction model. The study uses weather data and air pollutant data to predict PM_2.5. The prediction model for SHAP analysis employs the XGBoost algorithm. SHAP values measure the contribution of each variable to the prediction values. When compared with correlation analysis results, it was found that humidity, with a correlation coefficient of 0, had the second-highest contribution to the prediction values. The scatter plot based on SHAP values indicated that as humidity increased, its contribution to the prediction values also increased. This suggests that correlation analysis may not always be valid in the data selection process. The performance evaluation showed a slight improvement in the model trained with SHAP and correlation analysis results compared to the model trained only with correlation analysis results.

문유정 Yoojung Moon , 윤창석 Changseok Yoon , 정재필 Jae-pil Chung , 남성식 Sung Sik Nam

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.113 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 113-120, 2025

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Underground utility tunnel can efficiently build infrastructure for electricity, communications, and water supply for public facilities such as cities, airports, and ports by utilizing underground space. The remote monitoring and control system for underground utility tunnels primarily relies on a wired network. However, due to the high probability of network failure during disasters, a wireless connection need to be established as a backup network. In this paper, various wireless communication standards that suitable for disaster environments were selected, and a ray tracing simulation was conducted using a three-dimensional underground utility tunnel model under both normal and disaster conditions. As a result, it was confirmed that the underground utility tunnel has high reflection characteristics, leading to significant variations in received power depending on location. Consequently, utilizing lower frequencies proved to be more effective. Based on these findings, various utilization of wireless communication standards were proposed.

김유두 Yu-doo Kim , 이종서 Jongseo Lee , 황선희 Sunhee Hwang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.121 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 121-128, 2025

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In this paper, we propose an AI-based anomaly detection technique utilizing ultrasonic sensor data for self-diagnosis and predictive maintenance of public and critical infrastructure. To enable early detection and prediction of abnormal conditions, we enhance an LSTM-based autoencoder with contrastive learning, a dynamically adjusted margin in its loss function, and data augmentation techniques to improve overall model performance and generalization. The proposed approach effectively detects various anomaly patterns in time-series data, including flatlines, spikes, abrupt drops, and other irregular fluctuations. In the experiments, we show that the proposed model consistently outperforms the baseline LSTM autoencoder in terms of F1 Score and ROC AUC, highlighting its potential to significantly enhance the automation of facility condition monitoring and improve overall safety and reliability.

김영 Young Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.1.129 JANT Vol.29(No.1) 129-134, 2025

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This paper presents symmetric and asymmetric couplers using multi-section broadside slot couplers and analyzed their characteristics. The broadside slot coupler has a structure in which the ground pattern of the middle plane is removed so that coupling occurs between the microstrips on the top and bottom planes. The coupling coefficient suitable for the coupler structure is obtained, and the pattern of the microstrip line between the top and bottom planes and the line width of the slot are obtained to satisfy the coupling coefficient, and the designed coupler is implemented using this. In this way, the coupling coefficient of the desired coupler is obtained, and a 3-dB coupler is fabricated at a center frequency of 2 GHz to verify that the characteristics of the coupler with the desired structure are obtained by implementing it with a 2- or 3-stage slot coupler, and it is confirmed that the characteristics of the fabricated coupler are well matched with the simulation results.