전재욱 Jae-wook Chun , 황예승 Ye-seung Hwang , 문우춘 Woo-choon Moon , 심영민 Yeong-min Sim , 김강산 Gang-san Kim , 장의 Eui Jang

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 690-698, 2023

---

Information sharing and decision making between airport stakeholders became possible after the introduction of A-CDM (Airport Cooperative Making System). This also resulted in optimizing aircraft handling time and increased the efficiency of aircraft operations. Technological advances have recently led to the development of Urban Air Mobility(UAM) which is a small aircraft taking off and landing vertically. It is emerging as a new air transportation system in the future due to its advantage of saving time and solving congestion problem in the urban area. This study aims to suggest how Vertiport Cooperative Decision Making System(V-CDM) should be managed for efficient operation of UAM. By establishing procedure for decision making system based on Vertiport ecosystem of UAM. By establishing procedure for decision making system based on Vertiport ecosystem and UAM aircraft, unnecessary flight delays or cancellations can be minimized and efficiency of UAM operation will be improved as well.

정진용 Jin-yong Jung

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 699-710, 2023

---

As the global air traffic volume has shown a rapid increase, doubling every 15 years since 1977, domestic and international air traffic control services and air navigation safety facility operation management system and status review It is necessary to present the feasibility of establishing an air traffic control agency with integrated functions and establish an operating system for an independent dedicated agency to provide advanced air traffic control services in preparation for the future air transport environment. In particular, in 2021, the National ATM Reformation and Enhancement (NARAE) a customized comprehensive plan for operations, facilities, and systems to handle air traffic safely and efficiently by actively reflecting changes in the navigation environment such as international policies and standards as this is established, the role of the air traffic control agency becomes more important, and an improved action plan for the control and navigation operating system must be promoted.

장효석 Hyoseok Chang , 김도현 Dohyun Kim , 김재우 Jaewoo Kim , 조희덕 Heeduk Cho , 김다니엘 Daniel Kim

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 711-716, 2023

---

Urbanization brings many challenges such as traffic, housing, and environment. To solve these problems, researchers are working on new transportation systems like Urban Air Mobility (UAM). UAM aircraft should fly safely without burdening the existing air traffic system in the early stage of low-density operation. The airspace should also be managed and operated efficiently. Therefore it is important to make urban air traffic predictable by using corridors and collecting data on low-density operations in the early stage. For this purpose various simulations are needed before operation to create scenarios that estimate potential collisions between UAM aircraft and to evaluate the risks of aircraft spacing, loss of separation (LoS), and near mid air collision (NMAC). This paper focuses on identifying the requirements and considerations for setting separation standards for urban air traffic based on the results of studies.

김정민 Jeongmin Kim , 이재균 Jaekyun Lee , 허우원 Uwon Huh , 윤영호 Youngho Yoon , 차용환 Yonghwan Cha , 송교원 Kyowon Song

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 717-724, 2023

---

Recent efforts to revolutionize the mobility industry have sparked discussions worldwide on the introduction of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) to transform urban mobility, traditionally confined to two dimensions, into a three-dimensional space. While research related to airspace, vertiports, navigation, and communication pertinent to Korean UAM is actively pursued by relevant research institutions, there is a significant dearth in studies focusing on establishing concepts for operational management by UAM operators and formulating control procedures. The commercialization of UAM necessitates the establishment of standardized operational management concepts, pivotal as benchmarks for the individual system development among multiple UAM operators. This paper analyzes UAM exceptional law, operational readiness, existing regulations pertaining to commercial and rotary-wing aircraft, and proposes suitable approaches to formulate domestic low-density operational management and control procedures. By presenting strategies for conceptualizing operational management and control procedures in the initial low-density environment for UAM, this paper aspires to contribute to future trail operations and the wider adoption of UAM.

고강민 Kangmin Ko , 윤지욱 Ji Ouk Yoon , 이장룡 Jang Ryong Lee

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 725-733, 2023

---

Civil aircraft must have captain and first officer. In general, the captain fulfills his role and responsibility for preventing danger during aircraft operation, and the first officer is in charge of assisting the captain. Historicclay, as 70% to 80% of aircraft accidents have been caused by pilot human factors, CRM has been introduced and operated worldwide. On the other hand, safety behavior is a human behavior to protect from danger using knowledge and skills, and the captain and the first officer who perform operations in the aircraft's cockpit are expected to have different levels of safety behavior according to differences in competence, responsibility, and experience. Preceding studies have shown that pilots' safety behavior is influenced by non-technical factors such as CRM Skills rather than technical ability, and this study was conducted to identify differences in CRM competencies between captain and first officer and to verify whether the differences are correlated with safety behavior.

이영길 Yung-kil Lee , 백정선 Jeong-sun Baek , 김동민 Dong-min Kim

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 734-740, 2023

---

The purpose of this study verify to the effect of applying the X-ray screening ability rating for security screening persons in Incheon International Airport. Data collected through a evaluation score of 1,034 security screening persons in Incheon International Airport. Data analysis performed using paired sample t-test. The research results found that it was a statistically significant difference pre-test and post-test applying the X-ray screening ability rating. In this article, we asserts that the X-ray screening ability rating is effective in improving the X-ray screening ability of security screening persons. This paper contribute to the academic expansion of motivation theory and self-determination theory. This study is valuable as a preemptive empirical research that provides practical implications about the application of X-ray screening ability rating for security screening persons.

김세준 Se-jun Kim , 최종필 Jong-pil Choi , 오동현 Dong-huyn Oh , 김다진솔 Da-jin-sol Kim

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 741-746, 2023

---

This study proposes the development of an antenna tracker system using a satellite system to stabilize the communication status of drones and extend the communication distance. The location information of the drone and the ground station was used to maximize communication gain in the general fixed antenna method between the ground station and the drone. We developed a tracker system that can automatically and continuously aim the ground station's antenna at the drone. It is expected that the use of antenna trackers will improve the stabilization of communication conditions and expand the communication distance, thereby leading to the advancement of the drone industry.

김현덕 Kim Hyeon Deok , 최연철 Choi Youn Chul

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 747-755, 2023

---

Aircraft accidents are characterized by a low probability of survival compared to other means of transportation, and the main causes appear to be human factors such as violation of regulations and communication. In order to activate the safety management system to prevent such accidents, an important key variable is to recognize the importance of safety culture and actively engage in safety behavior rather than simply emphasizing compliance with regulations to flight crew members. Even if there are well-established regulations, safety culture, The effectiveness varies depending on the safety atmosphere and level of safety behavior. In this study, the correlation between safety culture and safety behavior was verified through a survey of domestic flight crew members' awareness of safety culture. The results showed that fair culture and self-reporting were not activated enough to have a significant impact on safety behavior. We aim to improve the performance of the safety management system by confirming the characteristics of safety culture and safety behavior.

김규왕 Kyu-wang Kim , 최연철 Youn-chul Choi

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 756-763, 2023

---

The reliability of measuring instruments is essential in measuring cosmic radiation. To demonstrate this importance, this study measured and compared the amount of cosmic radiation using Liulin and TEPC, operated in South Korea, on a flight between Incheon, South Korea and LA, the US. In addition, since prior analysis based on a prediction program is necessary in advance to check the dose of cosmic radiation, this study utilized KREAM developed in Korea and the CARI-6M developed by the FAA to acquire the predicted value. As a result of the verification, the reliability of the two devices falls within the acceptable level of 20%, proving the reliability. Moreover, the differences between the values acquired by each prediction program were only subtle. Nevertheless, the analysis demonstrated that the prediction value obtained by the programs and the measured value had significant differences. Therefore, additional correction of the discrepancies or continuous research for such is required to match the predicted values are similar to the actual measured values.

김우리얼 Woo-ri-ul Kim , 송동현 Dong-hyun Song , 박상웅 Sang-woong Park , 안태식 Tae-sik Ahn

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 764-770, 2023

---

Flight control computers for unmanned aerial vehicles are avionics that require high reliability and are generally designed to be multiplexed for margins on failures. The multiplexed flight control computer should include an interface through discrete signals and CCDL for synchronization and fault separation between channels. With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, various types of platforms such as AAM and LPI are being developed in the private and military, which require advanced control performance for high-performance flight control and SWaP optimization of onboard equipment. In this paper, we designed a optimized flight control computer architecture for unmanned aerial vehicles for multiplexing processing and performed a software design for input and output control. In addition, input/output processing performance was evaluated through the implemented flight control computer and input/output software.

조경래 Gyeong-rae Jo , 홍석민 Seok-min Hong , 최원혁 Won-hyuck Choi

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 771-776, 2023

---

Recently, as the amount of digital data increases exponentially, the importance of data processing systems is being emphasized. In this situation, the selection and construction of data processing systems are becoming more important. In this study, the performance of cloud computing (CC), edge computing (EC), and UAV-based intelligent edge computing (UEC) was compared as a way to solve this problem. The characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of each method were analyzed. In particular, this study focused on real-time large-capacity data processing situations such as corridor monitoring. When conducting the experiment, a specific scenario was assumed and a penalty was given to the infrastructure. In this way, it was possible to evaluate performance in real situations more accurately. In addition, the effectiveness and limitations of each computing method were more clearly understood, and through this, the help was provided to enable more effective system selection.

정우진 Woojin Jung , 홍석민 Seok-min Hong , 최원혁 Won-hyuck Choi

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 777-782, 2023

---

K-UAM will be commercialized through maturity after 2035. Since the Urban Air Mobility(UAM) corridor will be used vertically separating the existing helicopter corridor, the corridor usage is expected to increase. Therefore, a system for monitoring corridors is also needed. In recent years, object detection algorithms have developed significantly. Object detection algorithms are largely divided into one-stage model and two-stage model. In real-time detection, the two-stage model is not suitable for being too slow. One-stage models also had problems with accuracy, but they have improved performance through version upgrades. Among them, YOLO-V5 improved small image object detection performance through Mosaic. Therefore, YOLO-V5 is the most suitable algorithm for systems that require real-time monitoring of wide corridors. Therefore, this paper trains YOLO-V5 and analyzes whether it is ultimately suitable for corridor monitoring.K-uam will be commercialized through maturity after 2035.

정환호 Hwanho Jeong , 손민혁 Minhyuk Son , 이병석 Byungseok Lee

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 783-788, 2023

---

KASS(korea augmentation satellite system) system IVQ(integration, verification, qualification) activity is verification of requirements for KASS system and its sub-system that were performed based on the IART(inspection, analysis, review of design, test) method from FAT(factory acceptance test) to TRR(test readiness review) after CDR(critical design review) was closed. In the FAT phase, developed equipment was installed on the test platform and we were verified interfaces between sub-systems and coupling test with the KCS(kass control station). In the SAT(site aceeptance test) phase, on-site verification was conducted by installing equipment verified by FAT such as KRS(kass reference station), KPS(kass processing station), KUS(kass uplink station), KCS. However, considering the developed plan and status, SAT was divided into 3 phases and coupling test was performed. In the TRR phase, the KASS system verification was performed through FAT’s test list and additional test list using the SBAS(satellite based augmentation system) broadcast signal from GEO(geostationary earth orbit)1.

박세빈 Sebeen Park , 신현철 Hyuncheol Shin , 정철주 Chul Joo Chung

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 789-798, 2023

---

In this paper, we introduced a test environment to test a vision-aided navigation system, as an alternative navigation system when GPS (Global Positioning System) is unavailable, for VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) unmanned aerial system. It is efficient to use a virtual environment to test and evaluate the vision-aided navigation system under development, but currently no suitable equipment has been developed in Korea. Thus, the proposed test environment is developed to evaluate the performance of the navigation system by generating input signal modeling and simulating operation environment of the system, and by monitoring output signal. This paper comprehensively describes research procedure from derivation of requirements specifications to hardware/software design according to the requirements, and production of the test environment. This test environment was used for evaluating the vision-aided navigation algorithm which we are developing, and conducting simulation based pre-flight tests.

강영흥 Young-heung Kang

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 799-804, 2023

---

In the industrial internet of things (IIoT) industry, including smart factories, there are many cases where electronic devices are complexly combined and installed due to the recent development of intelligent information technology. Electromagnetic waves generated from such complex facilities affect other devices and services, which can lead to safety issues. The problem such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) generated when controlling complex facilities is an essential element that must be solved, and the engineering basis for EMI and EMC must be established to foster the industry of complex facilities. Therefore, in this study, EMC & EMI engineering demonstration cases for solar power fixed facilities using the national standard guideline have been analyzed. The results show that the electromagnetic risk indices in the solar power facilities have been degraded up to control level, and a national EMC engineering system has been proposed for complex facilities.

전종진 Jong-jin Jeon , 김대근 Dae-geun Kim , 고준환 Jun-hwan Ko , 문우춘 Woo-chun Moon

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 805-815, 2023

---

Various buildings are scattered below and around the flight path of UAM (Urban Air Mobility), which flies within a densely populated urban area. And the vertiport used by UAM for takeoff and landing is located on a flat area within the city center or on top of a building. As such, UAM operates in densely populated urban areas, and vertiports for takeoff and landing are installed in densely populated areas, requiring a very high level of safety. In particular, for safe landing of UAM, it is necessary to monitor the approach status of UAM approaching the vertiport from the final approach course and provide approach information. Accordingly, to monitor the UAM vertiport final approach path, research was conducted on technology that utilizes optical equipment that can be installed in a narrow site and has the advantage of reducing the burden of electromagnetic waves.

여준호 Junho Yeo , 이종익 Jong-ig Lee

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 816-821, 2023

---

In this paper, the design method of a miniaturized chipless RFID tag using a modified bent H-shaped slot was proposed. The proposed modified bent H-shaped slot was appended on the rectangular conductor plate printed on one side of a 20 mm × 50 mm FR4 substrate with a thickness of 0.8 mm. The resonant dip frequency of the bistatic RCS for the proposed modified bent H-shaped slot was compared with the cases when the H-shaped, U-shaped slot, and bent H-shaped slots were added, respectively, on the conductor plate. The simulated resonant dip frequencies for H-shaped, U-shaped, and bent H-shaped slots were 5.907 GHz, 4.918 GHz, and 4.364 GHz, respectively. When the proposed modified bent H-shaped slot was added, the resonant dip frequency was decreased to 3.741 GHz, and, therefore, the slot length was reduced by 36.7% compared to the H-shaped slot case. Experiment results show that the resonant dip frequency of the fabricated modified bent H-shaped slot was 3.9 GHz.

김민지 Min-ji Kim , 김경일 Kyung-il Kim , 김경택 Kyung-taek Kim

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 822-828, 2023

---

In this study, the aircraft technical standards of the Korea and the United States were analyzed to derive the dynamometer test procedure required to prove the compatibility for flight test certification of the metal brake pad for transport aircraft. Since the design modification of the brake systems is classified as a major change, the STC(Supplemental Type Certificate) and the PMA(Parts Manufacturer Approval) are required. In accordance with the TSO-C135a, the technical standard order for brake system in the United States, the design landing-stop test, accelerate-stop test, and most severe landing stop test were selected among the test items for flight test. The conditions for the dynamometer test are determined according to the specifications provided by aircraft manufacturer, and the brake pad condition, deceleration, and the number of test are defined according to the TSO-C135a.

김성훈 Seong-hun Kim , 고지환 Ji-hwan Ko

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 829-835, 2023

---

In this paper, we studied an antenna that forms a wide beam width by applying a horn-shaped reflector to a patch array antenna. To implement a wide beam width, three patches were arranged in each of the four directions on a square microstrip substrate, and a horn-shaped reflector was applied to the rear of the array antenna. Through this structure, the vertical beam pattern formed from the patch was converted to a diagonal direction, and as a result, the beam widths formed in each of the four sectors were added to create a wide beam width close to a hemisphere. The proposed antenna was studied for application to UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle), and the simulation test results confirmed that the 4.5 dBi beam width was 146.8°.

노재성 Jae-sung Roh

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 836-841, 2023

---

RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) systems are attracting attention as a key component of Internet of Things technology due to the cost and energy efficiency of application services. In order to use RFID technology in the IoT application service field, it is necessary to be able to store and manage various information for a long period of time as well as simple recognition between the reader and tag of the RFID system. And in order to read and write information to tags, a performance improvement technology that is strong and reliable in poor wireless channels is needed. In particular, in the UHF(Ultra High Frequency) RFID system, since multiple tags communicate passively in a crowded environment, it is essential to improve the recognition rate and transmission speed of individual tags. In this paper, Middleton's Class A impulsive noise model was selected to analyze the performance of the RFID system in an impulsive noise environment, and FM0 encoding and Miller encoding were applied to the tag to analyze the error rate performance of the RFID system. As a result of analyzing the performance of the RFID system in Middleton's Class A impulsive noise channel, it was found that the larger the Gaussian noise to impulsive noise power ratio and the impulsive noise index, the more similar the characteristics to the Gaussian noise channel.

김정래 Jeongrae Kim , 김용래 Yongrae Kim

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 842-849, 2023

---

The Klobuchar ionospheric model included in GPS navigation messages provides ionospheric correction information to single-frequency users. This ionospheric model accuracy has a significant impact on the accuracy of navigation solutions. We examine the GPS navigation messages from 1993 to 2022 and analyze their accuracy, presence of coefficients and accuracy of the Klobuchar model. Early GPS navigation messages often did not include ionospheric data, and even when they did include ionospheric models, the accuracy was often quite low. From 2002, when the accuracy of the ionospheric model was stabilized, until 2022, the accuracy of the ionospheric model is analyzed by comparing it with the ionospheric model of the International GNSS Service (IGS). Changes in accuracy per day and per year and accuracy differences along geomagnetic latitude are analyzed.

김수경 Su-kyung Kim , 구경헌 Kyung-heon Koo

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 850-855, 2023

---

In this paper, a high-efficiency power amplifier was designed by applying the operating point Class J using LDMOS(Laterally Difuued Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and optimizing the output matching circuit so that the second harmonic impedance becomes the reactance impedance. The designed power amplifier has a frequency of 108 ~ 110 MHz, Characteristics of PAE(Power Added Efficiency) is 71.5% at PSAT output (54.5 dBm), 55.5% at P1dB output (51.5 dBm), and 24.38% at 45 dBm. The CSB(Carrier with Sideband) amplifier, which is the reference signal in the spatial modulation method, has an operating output of 45 dBm ~ 35 dBm, and linear SDM(Sum in the Depth of Modulation) characteristics(40% ± 0.3%) were obtained. We measure the characteristics in amplitude modulation according to the bias operating point of the power amplifier for CSB and propose the optimal operating point to obtain linear modulation characteristics.

이성렬 Seong-real Lee

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 856-861, 2023

---

Long-haul transmission of multiple transmission signals, such as wavelength division multiplexed (WDM), has became possible, because the signal distortion caused by chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity can be compensated by applying dispersion management, optical phase conjugation and combination of the two methods into the transmission link. The biggest obstacle to applying optical phase conjugation to an optical link is that the optical phase conjugator (OPC) must be located only in the middle of the entire transmission line. This paper shows that the location constraints of OPC can be overcome through the application of an asymmetric dispersion map. The location of the OPC considered in this paper exists between the 8th and 9th fiber spans out of a total of 48 fiber spans. Additionally, the dispersion map has an asymmetric cumulative dispersion profile with respect to the OPC. As a result of the simulation, it was confirmed that the distortion compensation effect of the WDM channel can be increased compared to the link to which the traditional dispersion map is applied, depending on the overall shape of the cumulative dispersion profile distribution of the proposed asymmetric dispersion map and the selection of the profile slope.

Han-gyun Jung , Seong-keun Jin , Jae-min Kwak

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 862-865, 2023

---

Recently, V2X (Vehicle-To-Everyting) communication has established itself as an essential technology for cooperative autonomous driving. V2X communication currently includes DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) communication technology, which is a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) based communication technology, and C-V2X (Cellular-V2X) communication technology, which is a Cellular-based communication technology. Since these two communication methods are not compatible with each other, various studies and experiments are being conducted to select one of the two communication methods. In the case of C-V2X communication, there are LTE-V2X (Long Term Evolution - V2X) communication technology, which is an initial version, and 5G-V2X communication technology, which is a next-generation version. 5G-V2X communication technology has been completed only until standardization, so LTE-V2X communication technology is mainly used. In this paper, we introduce trends related to various issues in V2X communication, including communication method decisions.

김성태 Sung-tae Kim , 최원혁 Won Hyuck Choi , 박제홍 Je Hong Park , 홍석민 Seok Min Hong , 임영근 Yeong Geun Lim

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 866-870, 2023

---

Recently, accidents caused by black ice, a road freezing phenomenon caused by natural power, are increasing. Black ice is difficult to identify directly with the human eye and is more likely to misunderstand it as standing water, so there is a high accident rate caused by car sliding. To solve this problem, this paper presents a method of detecting black ice centered on LiDAR sensors. With a small, inexpensive, and high-accuracy LiDAR sensor, the temperature and inclination angle are set differently to detect black ice and asphalt by setting different reflection angles of asphalt and black ice differently in temperatures and inclinations. The LIDARO carried out in the study points out that additional research and improvement are needed to increase accuracy, and through this, more reliable black ice detection methods can be suggested. This method suggests a method of detecting black ice through early system design research by preventing accidents caused by black ice in advance.

한형석 Hyung-seok Han

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 871-876, 2023

---

In this paper, we deal with the stable conditions when two uncertainties exist simultaneously in a linear discrete time-varying interval system with time-varying delay time. The interval system is a system in which system matrices are given in the form of an interval matrix, and this paper targets the system in which the delay time of these interval system matrices and state variables is time-varying. We propose the system stability condition when there is simultaneous unstructured uncertainty that includes nonlinearity and only its magnitude and uncertainty in the system matrix of delayed state variables. The stable bounds for two types of uncertainty are derived as an analytical equation. The proposed stability condition and bounds can include previous stability condition for various linear discrete systems, and the values such as time-varying delay time variation size, uncertainty size, and range of interval matrix are all included in the conditional equation. The new bounds of stability are compared with previous results through numerical example, and its effectiveness and excellence are verified.

정성훈 Seong-hoon Jeong

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 877-882, 2023

---

For safe operation of ships and management of marine fisheries farms, the data set that extracts the boundaries of marine fisheries farms can provide information on obstacles in the vessel's navigation path in advance by examining whether it matches the fishing ground permit area. In addition, it can be used to determine whether fish farms are operating to compensate for damage caused by marine accidents, and the relevant local government can use it to manage fishing grounds. It is also highly utilized as basic data to identify obstacles for safe navigation of ships. In this study, Sentinel-2 satellite image data from the European Space Agency (ESA) was used to extract the boundaries of fish farms. From the video image, the fish farm's status data by cycle was divided into five zones: Busan-Ulsan area, Geoje-Changwon area, Goseong-Tongyeong area, and Namhae-Sacheon area. Through the image highlighting process, the farm boundary data and meta data were processed and extracted.

Hyeon-su Hwang , Hyo-jung Kim , Hak-tae Lee , Jong-han Kim

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 883-886, 2023

---

Recently, research has been actively conducted to overcome the limitations of high-priced single sensors and reduce costs through the convergence of low-cost multi-variable sensors. This paper estimates state variables through asynchronous Kalman filters constructed using CVXPY and uses Cvxpylayers to compare and learn state variables estimated from CVXPY with true value data to estimate filter parameters of low-cost sensors fusion.

류재영 Jaeyoung Ryu , 한성민 Seong-min Han , 이학태 Hak-tae Lee

DOI: JANT Vol.27(No.6) 887-895, 2023

---

When an aircraft is landing, it is expected that the aircraft will follow a specified approach procedure and then land at the airport. However, depending on the airport situation, neighbouring aircraft or the instructions of the air traffic controller, there can be a deviation from the specified approach. Detecting aircraft approach patterns is necessary for traffic flow and flight safety, and this paper suggests clustering techniques to identify aircraft patterns in the approach segment. The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), one of the machine learning techniques, is used to cluster the trajectories of aircraft, and ADS-B data from aircraft landing at the Gimhae airport in 2019 are used. The aircraft trajectories are clustered on the plane, and a total of 86 approach trajectory patterns are extracted using the centroid value of each cluster. Considering the correlation between the approach procedure pattern and overshoots, the distribution of overshoots is calculated.