홍승재 Seungjae Hong , 이주현 Joohyun Lee , 방현태 Hyuntae Bang , 오원재 Wonjae Oh , 박정권 Jeongkwen Park , 김한길 Hangil Kim , 김은정 Eunjung Kim , 윤원근 Wonkeun Youn

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.680 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 680-695, 2025

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As drone delivery services move toward full-scale commercialization, ensuring operational safety and reliability has become a critical challenge. This study defines a three-tier corridor model based on flight altitude, categorized into 'take-off/landing routes,' 'delivery routes,' and 'highways,' and establishes an intuitive procedure through a graphical user interface (GUI)-based route design tool that automatically converts 2D routes created by the user on satellite maps into 3D routes by linking with digital elevation model (DEM) data. Furthermore, actual flight tests were conducted using actual flight log data from drones equipped with real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) and LiDAR measurements, and the 'Corridor Tester' was utilized to quantitatively verify route tracking accuracy. A corridor compliance rate above 97% was achieved during stable flight, and hovering altitude and horizontal errors remained very low. This study demonstrates that the standardization of route design and verification contributes to improving the reliability of drone delivery services and enables future industrial scalability.

홍승재 Seungjae Hong , 이주현 Joohyun Lee , 방현태 Hyuntae Bang , 오원재 Wonjae Oh , 윤원근 Wonkeun Youn

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.696 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 696-709, 2025

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This study introduces an automated drone-route design pipeline that combines semantic segmentation, geofence conversion, and a Chained Informed RRT* planner to address the challenges of dense urban environments. Satellite and aerial imagery are segmented at the pixel level to identify populated or restricted regions, which are then transformed into vectorized geofences forming the no-fly zones. For path planning, the proposed Chained Informed RRT* incorporates waypoint-chain decomposition and ellipsoidal sampling to improve convergence while preserving safety margins. Case studies confirm that the system reduces total computation time compared to the conventional Informed RRT* while maintaining key safety indicators, demonstrating its practicality and effectiveness as a deployable urban-route design workflow.

장상진 Sangjin Jang , 송태한 Taehan Song , 최운규 Woon-kuy Choi

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.710 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 710-717, 2025

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This study explores how Korea's LTE-Maritime network can strategically evolve from a system focused on maritime traffic control into a broader public maritime communication infrastructure supporting enhanced maritime safety, welfare in remote regions, and innovative services based on drones and unmanned vessels. It examines the existing legal and regulatory framework, proposes practical directions for legal reforms to enable wider public-interest use, and analyzes expert opinions on the validity, potential benefits, and risks of such policy diversification. Overall, experts strongly support expanding the scope of LTE-Maritime and see considerable potential for significantly improving safety and public services, while simultaneously highlighting complex uncertainties related to markets, technology, security, and costs. Building on these findings, the paper outlines a systematic phased policy roadmap from legal and institutional groundwork, through pilot projects and regulatory sandboxes, to longer-term market and sustainable governance design, ultimately offering an analytical lens for planning LTE-Maritime as a robust public maritime communication infrastructure.

조태환 Taehwan Cho , 임정운 Jungwoon Lim , 김호준 Hojune Kim , 이상현 Sanghyun Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.718 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 718-724, 2025

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This paper examines the technical requirements and development directions for applying non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NNEMP) technology to space environments. NNEMP, a non-lethal energy weapon that emits high-voltage pulses without nuclear reactions, has drawn attention for potential use on small satellite platforms. However, the vacuum, extreme temperatures, and radiation in space make direct adaptation of ground-based technologies difficult. This study identifies key component characteristics from an integrated system-level perspective, derives design requirements for insulation stability, thermal management, and radiation hardness, and evaluates domestic technology readiness levels (TRLs). Results indicate that core components have reached TRL 3-4, while system integration remains at TRL 2-3, underscoring the need for integrated environmental testing and verification frameworks. A three-phase roadmap for 2025-2035 is also proposed as a reference for developing NNEMP-based space systems.

이현웅 Hyeonwoong Lee , 우지원 Ji Won Woo , 황지원 Ji Won Hwang , 이가은 Gaeun Lee , 고정환 Jung Hwan Go

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.725 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 725-731, 2025

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This study evaluates the mission effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating by comparing expected imaging footprints from mission planning with actual footprints simulated under terrain effects. Digital elevation model data were used to quantify terrain complexity through the ruggedness index (RIX), and nine representative regions were selected for simulation. A total of 4,916 runs were conducted by varying flight altitude, field of view (FOV), and terrain ruggedness. The results show that coverage agreement between expected and actual imaging increases with lower terrain ruggedness and higher flight altitudes, while FOV had no statistically significant effect. An ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was derived to approximate coverage under different conditions, achieving a coefficient of determination (R²) of about 0.893, indicating strong explanatory power. These findings highlight the critical role of terrain and altitude in uav imaging mission planning and provide a generalized regression-based formulation for rapid coverage estimation under varying operational conditions.

이경한 Kyung-han Lee , 김도현 Do-hyun Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.732 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 732-737, 2025

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With advancements in imaging and communication technologies, the demand for remote tower has been steadily increasing as a means to address practical challenges such as the shortage of professional controllers, the economic limitations of small regional airports, and the high costs of constructing and operating control towers. Furthermore, the commercialization of urban air mobility has created a growing demand for efficient flight management at small-scale nodes, including vertiports and logistics distribution points. This study examines a video-based surveillance technique that can be applied in situations requiring remote tower. The proposed approach analyzes the required image resolution and magnification according to the size and distance of the detection target, and presents a method for quantitatively deriving distance-dependent imaging requirements. By applying this to the reporting point of watch aircraft monitored by the domestic airport control tower, a plan was proposed to quantify the resolution and magnification required to identify the monitoring target.

임재환 Jae-hwan Lim , 김영록 Young-rok Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.738 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 738-743, 2025

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This study aims to analyze the air transportation trade patterns between Korea and APEC member countries and to derive implications for Korea’s competitiveness and policy direction amid the changing global trade environment. A panel data analysis was conducted using 37 years of air trade data. The dependent variables are classified into trade amount and trade weight, while the independent variables include GDP, GDP per capita, FTA, area, landlocked, and international airports. The results show that both the value and volume of air trade are positively associated with the GDP of Korea and its partner countries, while Korea’s per capita GDP, the presence of an FTA, and partner countries’ national area exhibit negative effects. In contrast, partner countries’ per capita GDP and landlocked status were not statistically significant. This study highlights the contrasting effects of economic size and income level, as well as the limited role of national land area, on air trade with APEC countries, providing implications for the formulation of air trade policies and the planning of aviation infrastructure investments.

윤호준 Hojun Yoon , 김연명 Yeonmyung Kim , 오수환 Soohwan Oh

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.744 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 744-753, 2025

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The research aims to establish a foundation for assessing drone operational safety by systematically collecting and refining drone accident narratives dispersed across multiple countries and agencies, and by constructing a high-reliability structured dataset through expert double coding. Exploratory analysis of 239 curated narratives―classified into environmental, technical, and human-factor categories―identified recurring hazards such as adverse weather, electromagnetic interference, proximity to other aircraft, communication failures, battery malfunctions, and operator errors across diverse operational contexts. Communication system failures, battery and propulsion issues, regulatory violations, and lack of situational awareness emerged as key hazards with a high likelihood of leading to accidents. The findings provide essential guidance for setting monitoring priorities and designing alert mechanisms within a drone-specific IASMS(In-time aviation safety management system).

유주영 Ju-yeong Yu , 윤성현 Seonghyeon Yun , 박상현 Sang Hyun Park , 박슬기 Sul Gee Park , 방유진 Eugene Bang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.754 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 754-761, 2025

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Dominant error source degrading the positioning accuracy for single-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) users is the signal delay caused by its passage through the ionosphere, which can induce errors of several meters. Standard broadcast models, such as the Klobuchar model provided by global positioning system (GPS), are based on global averages and thus have clear limitations in correcting for the dynamic ionospheric changes over a specific region like the Korean region. In this study, ionospheric correction model optimized for the Korean region was generated using multi-frequency observation data from the national Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) network, and evaluated by VTEC domain comparison with the Global Ionosphere Model (GIM) and by application to Kalman filter-based Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The correction showed mean VTEC error of 2.3 TECU and PPP errors of ±0.2 m (horizontal) and ±0.5 m (vertical).

윤성진 Sung-jin Yoon , 김진호 Jin-ho Kim , 배휘종 Hui-jong Bae , 김복기 Bok-ki Kim , 이남식 Nam-sik Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.762 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 762-769, 2025

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This study proposes a key management framework that integrates a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) with a hash-based AEAD layer to address vulnerabilities in symmetric-key distribution for launch-vehicle telemetry systems. While prior work [1] introduced a dual-key structure based on a quantum random number generator (QRNG) that mitigated nonce-key reuse during flight [2], it left unresolved the secure delivery of the main key to the ground station. To overcome this, we designed a two-layer encryption architecture in which the session key is exchanged using the quantum-resistant CRYSTALS-Kyber KEM, and data integrity and authentication are ensured through a SHAKE256-based encryption and KMAC256-based authentication AEAD layer. The proposed system was implemented on a MAX10 FPGA―already proven in actual telemetry applications―by adding only the security layer without modifying existing telemetry logic, thereby validating the design’s practicality through measured resource utilization.

이창주 Chang Joo Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.770 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 770-775, 2025

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This paper presents the design and implementation of an L-band receiver developed for direction-finding applications across the wide frequency range of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The proposed receiver, consisting of a five-channel RF/DAQ module and five spiral antennas, was designed and fabricated based on simulation results, considering both performance and development cost. The RF/DAQ and antenna subsystems are designed to operate over a frequency range of 1.164 GHz to 1.610 GHz, which includes the GPS (L1, L2, L5), GLONASS (G1, G2, G3), and GALILEO (E1, E5a, E5b, E6) bands. Measurement results show that the fabricated antennas achieve performance comparable to the simulations, and the five-channel RF/DAQ exhibits excellent real-time performance in terms of gain, phase noise, and displayed average noise level (DANL). Therefore, the proposed L-band receiver demonstrates high applicability to real-world GNSS environments, including jamming signal scenarios.

권우혁 U-hyuk Kweon , 구성관 Sung-kwan Ku , 홍교영 Gyo-young Hong

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.776 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 776-782, 2025

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The Korea positioning system aims to provide high-precision navigation services; however, there are concerns that the 5°×5° spatial resolution of ionospheric grid point(IGP) currently used in satellite-based augmentation systems(SBAS) may be insufficient to ensure adequate accuracy in the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of increasing the spatial resolution of the ionospheric grid on user positioning accuracy. Using global positioning system(GPS) data from 10 domestic reference stations, a regional ionospheric grid was generated through inverse distance weighting(IDW), and the ionospheric correction values estimated from each grid-resolution case were applied to GPS+KASS data collected in Taean. Three representative resolutions (5°×5°, 2.5°×5°, and 1°×5°) were evaluated, and the results show that finer spatial resolution improves positioning performance, although the accuracy gain converges beyond a certain resolution level.

박건환 Geonhwan Park , 박소라 So-ra Park , 손민혁 Minhyuk Son , 이병석 Byungseok Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.783 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 783-793, 2025

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The Korea augmentation satellite system (KASS) provides aviation services to the Incheon flight information region (FIR) by generating correction information for GPS signals and broadcasting it through geostationary satellites. KASS offers fast corrections for GPS pseudorange measurements, long-term corrections for satellite position and clock errors, and ionospheric delay information. Applying these corrections significantly reduces positioning errors compared to standalone GPS. However, when geomagnetic disturbances induced by solar activity occur, positioning errors can increase substantially. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate the relationship between geomagnetic disturbances and positioning performance by analyzing the time-lagged response of GPS and KASS positioning errors to the geomagnetic index Kp. To this end, the Kp index is shifted in one-hour increments, and the correlation coefficients between Kp and the positioning errors are computed.

여준호 Junho Yeo , 이종익 Jong-ig Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.794 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 794-799, 2025

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In this paper, a bandwidth enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using a single shunt stub at 5.8 GHz band was investigated. The proposed antenna increased the frequency bandwidth by adding a single shunt stub to the feed line of an inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna. To compare the performance, a conventional inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna was designed using an IS680-320 substrate with dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 0.762 mm. Simulation results show that the frequency band of the conventional inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna with a voltage standing wave ratio less than 2 was 5.747-5.854 GHz(1.84%), whereas that of the proposed broadband microstrip patch antenna using the single shunt stub was 5.668-5.928 GHz(4.48%). The measured frequency band of the fabricated broadband microstrip patch antenna using the single shunt stub was 5.670-5.931(4.50%), which was similar to the simulation result.

김유진 Eugene Kim , 김의호 Euiho Kim , 이진실 Jinsil Lee , 고요한 Yohan Ko , 김수경 Su-kyung Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.800 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 800-809, 2025

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GNSS (global navigation satellite system) use SQM (signal quality monitoring) to detect EWF (evil waveform) threatening integrity, but GPS (global positioning system) L1 C/A-based augmentation standards are not directly applicable to stand-alone N-RNSS (next generation regional navigation satellite system) signals (L1CP, L1CD, L2C, L5). This paper extends the ICAO (international civil aviation organization) EWF Threat Model to N-RNSS, characterizes correlation distortions and tracking errors, and defines a stand-alone TS (threat space) using EB (error budget) and DERR (detectable tracking error). SQM2b metrics with MDE (minimum detectable error) thresholds are evaluated via MATLAB simulations. Results confirm signal-dependent TS variation, TS expansion with DERR, TS shrinkage with EB, and increased missed detections under short coherent integration.

김동규 Dong-gyu Kim , 한영훈 Younghoon Han , 서기열 Kiyeol Seo , 방유진 Eugene Bang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.810 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 810-815, 2025

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The vulnerability of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to jamming necessitates a reliable backup for safety-critical applications. The enhanced Long range navigation (eLoran) is considered as the backup navigation system of GNSS. For eLoran use in these safety-critical domains, an integrity monitoring is essential to ensure the reliability of the navigation information. This paper proposes a methodology to derive the integrity support parameter, an essential parameter for implementing an autonomous integrity monitoring for eLoran. To achieve this, we analyzed the pseudorange errors obtained using real-world data from the operational reference station in South Korea. The study applies the Gaussian overbouding technique to determine a conservative upper bound on the measurement error statistically. The overbounding standard deviations for the transmitters 9930M, 9930W, and 9930V were calculated as 6.97 m, 8.52 m, and 11.73 m, respectively. Based on these results, integrity parameters were derived.

오주원 Joowon Oh , 백남균 Nam-kyun Baik , 이재호 Jaeho Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.816 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 816-825, 2025

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The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence has led to the emergence of AI-generated music, particularly AI Cover songs that replicate singers’ voices using Voice Conversion (VC) models. Although these covers have gained immense popularity online, they raise serious concerns regarding unauthorized voice use and copyright infringement, while clear regulations remain lacking. This study investigates the vulnerabilities of current Singing Voice Synthesis (SVS) and Singing Voice Conversion (SVC) models and proposes a CNN-based detection framework for AI Cover Deepfake audio. Leveraging multiple feature domains and VC-specific vulnerabilities, the proposed approach aims to achieve robust and reliable detection of AI-generated covers, contributing to future automated monitoring and protection against unauthorized synthetic music.

최찬영 Chan-young Choi , 구성관 Sung-kwan Ku , 홍교영 Gyo-young Hong

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.826 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 826-832, 2025

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The Korean Positioning System is developing a meter-level service that will broadcast correction messages generated by the Mission Control Center. Fast corrections broadcast by existing SBAS were the main cause of errors due to GPS SA, but with the removal of SA and improved satellite clock stability, This study aims to confirm whether fast corrections are required for general-user RNSS services. Considering that KPS is not yet operational, an analysis was conducted from the perspective of user position error by removing the fast correction from the correction information broadcast by Japan's MSAS, which currently operates the RNSS QZSS. The analysis results showed that the differences in both HPE(CEP95%, 2DRMS) and VPE(V95) before and after the removal of fast correction were minimal, numerically confirming that fast correction does not significantly affect user positioning accuracy.

김주영 Ju-young Kim , 정한균 Han-gyun Jung , 진성근 Seong-keun Jin , 곽재민 Jae-min Kwak

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.833 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 833-840, 2025

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As logistics automation for autonomous commercial vehicles accelerates, standardized data connectivity among vehicles, infrastructure, and control centers has become critical. To address these complex connectivity requirements, this paper proposes a V2X Hub Platform. Functioning as a central gateway, the platform mediates data exchange between in-vehicle devices and external systems, supporting protocols such as V2X, V2N, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, CAN, and RS-232. Core functions include real-time monitoring based on international standards (COVESA, SENSORIS), C-ITS service provision, and public cloud connectivity. Furthermore, integration with the Saemangeum testbed infrastructure enables driving strategy support for logistics efficiency, infrastructure stability evaluation, and OTA updates. Currently, the platform is undergoing validation for full-cycle autonomous transport services within the Saemangeum demonstration project. By standardizing heterogeneous system integration and enabling logistics-specific services, this platform is expected to significantly contribute to the commercialization of autonomous driving.

노재성 Jae-sung Roh

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.841 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 841-846, 2025

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IoT is a network technology that collects, creates, shares, and utilizes information by connecting various things based on a network. In particular, the industrial IoT is reducing the boundary between the physical world and the digital world and presenting a new technological revolution in the industrial field in which humans, machines, and products interact. In this paper, a low-power wide area communication system for the industrial IoT was studied and the channel model for the industrial propagation environment was analyzed. As a result of analyzing the performance of the low-power wide area communication system, it was found that when Middleton's class-A noise model, which is close to the channel of the industrial site, was applied, the error rate performance of the low-power long-distance communication system improved as the   values increased.

여준호 Junho Yeo , 이종익 Jong-ig Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.847 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 847-852, 2025

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In this paper, the design and fabrication of a chipless radio frequency identification(RFID) tag using a bent split ring resonator-shaped slot was studied. The proposed tag was designed by appending the bent split ring resonator-shaped slot on the rectangular conductor plate printed on one side of a 10 mm × 50 mm FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The resonant dip frequency of the bistatic radar cross section for the proposed bent split ring resonator-shaped slot was compared with the cases when the H-shaped and interdigital-capacitor-shaped slots were added, respectively, on the conductor plate. The simulated resonant dip frequencies for H-shaped and interdigital-capacitor-shaped slots were 5.596 GHz and 2.817 GHz, respectively. When the proposed bent split ring resonator-shaped slot was added, the resonant dip frequency was decreased to 2.437 GHz, and, therefore, the resonant dip frequency was reduced by 56.5% compared to the H-shaped slot case. Experiment results show that the resonant dip frequency of the fabricated bent split ring resonator-shaped slot was 2.643 GHz.

홍성화 Sung-hwa Hong

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.853 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 853-858, 2025

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In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), data transmission efficiency, energy consumption, and communication delay are critical factors for improving network lifetime and quality of service. This paper presents a comparative analysis of Flooding-based routing, Flooding-level-based clustering, the original Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Flooding-level-based ZRP, and an energy-efficient clustering algorithm (a modified version of LEACH). Using NS-3-based simulations, detailed performance metrics such as hop count, average RTT, and energy consumption were measured under identical conditions, including varying numbers of sensor nodes (10-500), gateway and relay nodes, and transmission ranges. The results demonstrate that the Flooding-level-based ZRP achieves higher data transmission efficiency and superior energy-saving performance, suggesting an optimal routing approach for large-scale WSN environments.

한호준 Ho-jun Han , 문일영 Il-young Moon

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.859 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 859-866, 2025

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This study proposes an automated defect detection system for the PCB manufacturing process using the YOLOv8 model and analyzes its performance. To address the data scarcity issue in the PKU-HRI PCB_DATASET, data augmentation techniques based on GANs and Diffusion models were employed. Experimental results demonstrate that the YOLOv8m model achieves the highest detection performance across all metrics. In a comparative analysis of augmentation techniques, while the Diffusion-based model showed superior detection accuracy, the GAN-based model exhibited lower overfitting and provided more stable and reliable performance. The proposed YOLOv8-based detection method significantly improves efficiency and accuracy compared to traditional inspection methods, ultimately contributing to minimizing production defects and enhancing overall product quality.

권순녀 Soon-nyu Kweon , 이성렬 Seong-real Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.867 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 867-873, 2025

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We studied a method for securing flexibility in a mid-span spectral inversion (MSSI) system with a dispersion-managed link for chromatic dispersion and nonlinear distortion compensation of 24-channel × 40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals. The form of the dispersion map applied to the dispersion-managed link is usually the same as that for the optical phase conjugate located in the middle of the entire transmission line. However, the dispersion map proposed in this study has different shapes such as sine-wave shaped or triangular shaped with respect to the optical phase conjugator. Through simulation analysis, we confirmed that reducing the repetition interval of the basic configuration constituting the proposed dispersion map resulted in better compensation performance than when using the conventional dispersion map.

이찬희 Chan-hee Lee , 김진호 Jin-ho Kim , 김복기 Bok-ki Kim , 이남식 Nam-sik Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.874 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 874-879, 2025

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Telemetry systems are critical devices designed to measure and transmit various types of sensor data or information received from external equipment. Although these systems primarily utilize Radio Frequency (Radio Frequency, RF) for data transmission, the employment of stable wired transmission methods is essential, particularly during the preliminary inspection phase of the system. Consequently, an effective telemetry data analysis device must possess the capability to process both RF received data and data transmitted via wired connections. In this paper, we propose a device design method focused on ensuring the integrity and reliability of wired transmission data. Specifically, this study describes a data processing algorithm that receives bitstream data and accurately reconstructs raw data through frame synchronization. Furthermore, it details the implementation of TCP/IP & UDP transmission technology utilizing Ethernet communication interfaces. The proposed design approach was validated through simulations and hardware experiments, and the results confirmed an error rate below 10⁻⁶%, thereby demonstrating the analysis accuracy of wired transmission data and the operational reliability of the system.

배동현 Dong-hyun Bae , 최진규 Jin-kyu Choi , 남택근 Taek-kun Nam , 김헌희 Heon-hui Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.880 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 880-889, 2025

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This paper proposes a 3D LiDAR point-cloud registration method for ship-hull recognition in automatic mooring systems. During berthing, iterative closest point (ICP) performance degrades due to low point density at long range, field-of-view constraints at close range, and monotonous geometric features of ship hull surfaces. To address these issues, we extract oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB) features from the 3D LiDAR ambient image and utilize 2D image-3D point-cloud index correspondences to estimate a transformation matrix, which is then used as the initial value for ICP. Additionally, we define a virtual sensor viewport frustum in the truncated signed distance function (TSDF) model to include only points within the current field of view in the correspondence search. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 58% improvement in registration accuracy compared to conventional point-to-plane ICP.

Yebin Lee , Yongrae Jo , Sungik Kim , Jaeyoung Song , Sul Gee Park , Sang Hyun Park , Byungwoon Park

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.6.890 JANT Vol.29(No.6) 890-893, 2025

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SSR corrections used in precise point positioning-real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) systems enable efficient bandwidth utilization by decomposing the corrections into separate components. To optimize PPP-RTK user positioning performance, an effective scheduling strategy is required to minimize temporal errors while meeting bandwidth constraints. This paper derives the optimal update intervals for each PPP-RTK correction component by analyzing their temporal error characteristics. Based on these optimal intervals, we develop a correction message scheduler that mitigates positioning performance degradation under bandwidth-limited conditions.