한승규 Seung-kyu Han , 강군석 Kun-seok Kang , 김대호 Dae-ho Kim , 정영호 Young-ho Jung

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.401 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 401-411, 2025

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This paper proposes a communication redundancy scheme for network based real-time drone position reporting to enable efficient unmanned aircraft system traffic management (UTM), and quantitatively analyzes its performance. Terrestrial mobile networks such as long-term evolution (LTE) exhibit limitations in coverage at drone operating altitudes. To address this, a dual-network configuration that combines LTE with either the 433 MHz or C-band frequency is introduced. Through simulations that reflect real terrain, buildings, and base station deployments, it is demonstrated that this approach significantly reduces coverage holes. Analysis of signal-to-Interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) distributions across various altitudes and environments shows that the proposed dual-network configuration provides superior coverage and communication reliability compared to LTE-only systems. Due to the different propagation characteristics of the two frequency bands, each network complements the other's blind spots, confirming that this redundant setup can serve as a reliable communication infrastructure for UTM.

이상진 Sang-jin Lee , 김상욱 Sang-wook Kim , 김현호 Hyun-ho Kim , 손금준 Gum-jun Son , 강남선 Nam-seon Kang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.412 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 412-422, 2025

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In this paper, we analyzed the types of maritime cyber accidents and proposed endpoint detection and response technology for ships as a countermeasure against endpoint attacks, which are the main types of ship cyber attacks. Based on the main functions of EDR, which are detection, response, investigation, and treatment, we defined a detection engine for malicious behavior detection and a type-specific detection policy based on this, and developed endpoint detection and response technology for ships to monitor the status, major warnings, and threat information of cyber threats of computer-based systems installed on ships and enable automatic response. In addition, we compared the virus scan time and system resource usage to ensure interoperability with the antivirus solution installed on the ship according to the operating environment of the ship, and verified that the two solutions can interoperate without conflict or interference.

조연제 Yeon-je Cho , 전상우 Sang-woo Jeon , 신주철 Ju-chul Shin , 김경태 Gyeong-tae Kim , 김성우 Seong-woo Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.423 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 423-433, 2025

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Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles have experienced rapid growth and are now widely used not only for disaster response and environmental monitoring but also for military applications. unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now regarded as indispensable assets on the battlefield, leading to increased research interest in intelligent UAVs. In operating intelligent UAVs, the generation, verification, and deployment of mission packages are critical components, and a stable development process for these tasks is essential. This paper proposes an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the autonomous mission agents for drones architecture to support autonomous mission execution of intelligent UAVs. The proposed IDE facilitates the development of high-level situation reasoning rules and task plans, and simplifies the process of generating, verifying, and deploying mission packages.

이세준 Se-jun Lee , 정성재 Seong-jae Jeong , 이강훈 Kang-hoon Lee , 서민기 Min-gi Seo , 김동혁 Dong-hyouk Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.434 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 434-441, 2025

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As the development of advanced air vehicles (AAV), which are gaining attention as next-generation air transportation system, accelerates, the need for avionics system for AAV is emerging. The main components of the avionics system for AAV, compact flight control computer(CFCC), vehicle management computer (VMC), are also being developed in line with this trend, and various validations are required upon completion. In this paper, we propose the design of an integrated validation environment using STE/SIL and a cockpit simulator, with the goal of integrating the hardware and software of the VMC and CFCC mounted on AAV and integrated testing of the avionics architecture for AAV. The real-time system-based STE/SIL consists of test software such as avionics and flight control system equipment models, and an integrated test environment including interface integrity of VMC and CFCC, OFP function, and performance test was designed. In addition, the flight operability was verified through the design of an cockpit simulator for AAV that can simulate the actual flight environment.

김영 Young Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.364 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 364-369, 2025

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This paper presents the design and analysis of a three-way power divider/combiner with arbitrary termination impedances, implemented using planar transmission lines. The electrical length of the transmission lines composing this component is 90o, interconnected to achieve the desired functionality. To ensure isolation between output ports, a resistive structure is employed. Design utilized transmission lines designed at a center frequency of 2 GHz, with equal power division ratios at the output ports and arbitrary termination impedances. The fabricated three-way power divider/combiner demonstrates characteristics consistent with simulation results.

정영진 Yung-jin Jung , 조태환 Tae-hwan Cho

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.328 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 328-336, 2025

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The growing amount of space debris presents a critical threat to satellite operations and the sustainability of the space environment. This paper examines the mission concept and technical configuration of active debris removal (ADR) satellites, focusing on orbital maneuvering, capture mechanisms, propulsion systems, and protection technologies. A comparative analysis of domestic and international capabilities identifies key gaps in South Korea’s technological readiness. Based on these findings, the study proposes strategic directions for ADR satellite development, including phased technology priorities, a cooperative R&D framework across government, industry, academia, and defense, and the establishment of verification infrastructure and legal systems. Also, this paper offers integrated recommendations to enhance national space security and promote responsible space activities.

정의재 Eui-jae Jung , 이유상 You-sang Lee , 박경신 Kyung-sin Park , 송하은 Ha-eun Song

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.370 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 370-375, 2025

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This study proposes a linear regression model for predicting time-dependent output using sensor data collected from an inertial navigation system. High-resolution data sampled at 5 ms intervals were used to mathematically analyze the linear relationship between time and sensor output. Some sensor data exhibited high coefficients of determination and low mean squared errors, confirming the effectiveness of the regression model, especially in short-term prediction scenarios. In contrast, position data showed cumulative errors and nonlinear behavior, limiting the applicability of linear models. The proposed model can be used for real-time prediction and sensor correction, even in environments without external position references. This demonstrates high potential for applications in embedded systems relying solely on internal sensors. Future research is expected to enhance prediction accuracy by integrating nonlinear regression techniques or deep learning approaches to address more complex sensor dynamics.

정성훈 Seong-hoon Jeong

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.337 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 337-344, 2025

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This study proposes a practical data-sharing platform architecture for securely storing and flexibly sharing marine datasets that require both sensitivity and public accessibility. The system integrates an on-premise physical storage environment with network attached storage based network sharing functions, enabling safe and seamless access for external users. By applying Synology NAS’s QuickConnect technology, the platform allows secure external access without the need for a static IP address. Security and usability are further enhanced through diskstation manager (DSM) based user authentication, access control, logging, and a web-based user interface. The platform was developed and verified through the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries’ “Marine AI Dataset Hub” demonstration project, during which 173 structured and unstructured datasets were established. Validation testing confirmed the effectiveness of key functions such as response time, data integrity, and unstructured data processing. The results indicate that the proposed system can serve as a self-reliant marine data infrastructure, capable of supporting real-time sharing and governance without relying on expensive cloud infrastructure or complex distributed systems.

김도현 Do-hyun Kim , 이승준 Seung-jun Lee , 장효석 Hyo-seok Chang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.442 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 442-448, 2025

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As UAM system seeks to integrate into existing air traffic management(ATM), the establishment of designated cooperative areas is being proposed to facilitate harmonized operations. Within these areas, all UAM stakeholders are expected to engage in cooperative operations by sharing and exchanging flight intent and operational information in accordance with established regulations. The strategic and tactical sharing of operational information among UAM participants is critical to ensuring flight safety. In particular, real-time situational display systems play a pivotal role by providing essential visual information that supports situational awareness and decision-making. This study aims to identify key operational safety information elements required within the UAM environment and to develop criteria for displaying such information through literature reviews and signals’ criteria analyses. These findings are anticipated to inform the research and development of real-time display systems that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficiency of UAM operations.

민현 Hyeon Min , 정윤호 Yunho Jung

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.376 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 376-384, 2025

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The radar sensor distinguishes itself from existing systems by minimizing sensitivity to environmental factors, eliminating privacy concerns, and enabling real-time contactless control due to its compact data size. Accordingly, this paper proposes a continuous wave (CW) radar sensor-based foot gesture recognition system designed for convenient vehicle trunk control in situations where both hands are occupied. Five distinct foot gestures were measured using a 24 GHz CW radar sensor, and spectrograms were extracted through short-time Fourier transform. To minimize computational complexity and memory usage, the AI classifier was designed based on a binarized neural network (BNN), and its performance was compared and analyzed against a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 98.20% and was successfully implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4, demonstrating its capability for efficient real-time inference in low-spec embedded environments.

박기석 Ki-seok Park , 박준형 Jun-hyung Park , 최정현 Jung-hyun Choi , 홍채은 Chae-Eun Hong

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.385 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 385-391, 2025

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In recent precision-guided weapon systems, the utilization of compact integrated sensors with multiple physical modalities has been steadily increasing. As a result, there is a growing need for integrated inspection platforms capable of evaluating sensor fusion performance under realistic environmental conditions. Conventional verification approaches have relied primarily on single-sensor tests or software-based simulations, which are limited in assessing spatial and temporal alignment across multiple sensing domains. To address this challenge, this study proposes an automated inspection platform that combines a multiple sensor simulator capable of simultaneously generating microwave and infrared physical signals within an anechoic chamber with a control console and test management system. The proposed system enables scenario-based automated inspections and synchronized stimulus delivery, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of response evaluations for compact multi-sensor devices. This approach enhances the credibility of system-level inspections and supports maintenance efficiency through test automation.

최원준 Won-jun Choi , 최순현 Soon-hyeon Choi , 남아리 A-ri Nam , 손명환 Myeong-hwan Son , 조재연 Jae-yeon Jo , 손성환 Sung-hwan Sohn

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.449 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 449-456, 2025

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Recently, as the complexity and diversification of modern battlefields accelerate, the importance of employing artificial intelligence(AI) models for target classification in artillery radar systems has become increasingly prominent. Traditional identification methods based on target dynamic characteristics face limitations in accurately distinguishing diverse targets, leading to reduced reliability in tactical decision-making. AI-based models, by leveraging large-scale training data, can effectively learn the features and behavioral patterns of targets, achieving high classification accuracy even in complex environments. During model training, radar-collected data are used as inputs, and the coordinate system in which these data are represented can significantly affect model performance. This paper compares the performance of data transformed into various coordinate systems, such as antenna(ANT), east- north-up(ENU), earth-centered earth-fixed(ECEF), and latitude-longitude-altitude(LLA), and proposes a method for selecting the optimal coordinate system based on whether rotation augmentation is applied to remove positional bias.

강광천 Kwang-chun Kang , 김상수 Sang-soo Kim , 신수영 Su-young Shin , 윤형근 Hyoung-keun Yoon

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.457 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 457-463, 2025

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Urban Air Mobility operates in a unique low-altitude urban environment that differs from conventional aviation, requiring consideration of short flight durations, complex airspace, low-altitude weather, and vertiport availability. Accordingly, dedicated technologies for generating and predicting four-dimensional trajectories are essential for efficient and safe operations. This study proposes a hybrid 4DT trajectory prediction system architecture that combines physics-based point-mass models with data-driven machine learning models. The system architecture, core functions including real-time information integration, multi-trajectory generation, and visualization and the interactions among its modules are described. Initial implementation and operation were verified in a simulator-based environment. The proposed system is expected to serve as infrastructure to improve UAM operational efficiency and safety, enabling functions such as route optimization and weather avoidance. Further enhancements and validation will be carried out based on diverse operational scenarios and real-world data.

정한솔 Han-sol Jung , 김병국 Byoung-kug Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.464 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 464-471, 2025

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This study proposes the design and implementation of an intelligent real-time CCTV monitoring system utilizing AI-based edge computing technology. Conventional CCTV systems face challenges such as heavy manpower demand for monitoring large volumes of video data in real-time and inefficient use of network and storage resources, which hinder rapid response to abnormal events. To address these issues, the proposed system deploys lightweight deep learning object detection models on edge devices to detect key events in real time and selectively transmit and store video data based on event occurrence. Additionally, a centralized server and a web/mobile interface for administrators are developed to enable efficient real-time monitoring and prompt alert notifications. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms traditional methods in terms of object recognition accuracy, minimized event detection latency, and resource efficiency for both network and storage, while significantly enhancing user convenience. This research contributes to improving the real-time capability and reliability of security monitoring in smart city and industrial environments.

김민성 Min-seong Kim , 김병국 Byoung-kug Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.472 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 472-479, 2025

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Deploying real-time video analytics on resource-constrained edge devices presents significant challenges due to the dual demands of AI inference and high-resolution streaming. To address this, a three-layer adaptive control framework is introduced that monitors inference latency from a YOLOv11n detector and dynamically tunes GStreamer parameters in real time. Running on a Raspberry Pi 5, the system adapts bitrate, resolution, and buffer size based on real-time system feedback, achieving frame drop rates under 0.3% even under high load― en times more stable than static pipelines. This work demonstrates a practical method for improving QoE through inference-driven control.

윤태경 Tae-gyeog Yun , 윤형근 Hyoung-keun Yoon , 양남용 Nam-yong Yang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.345 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 345-355, 2025

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As urban air mobility (UAM) moves toward full-scale commercialization, ensuring the safety of vertiport approach and departure airspace has emerged as a critical technical challenge. Traditional airport surveillance systems face limitations in detecting and assessing real-time risks posed by non-cooperative intruders such as birds and drones. This study proposes a risk-based surveillance operation concept based on the characteristics and behavioral patterns of intruding objects surrounding vertiports. To this end, the structural layout of vertiports and threat factors by intruder type are analyzed, and a multi-sensor surveillance framework along with a real-time risk assessment model is designed. The proposed system quantifies the threat level of intruders to determine airspace availability and issues alerts to support operator decision-making. This surveillance concept can be extended to future high-density UAM environments, enabling automated situational awareness and decision support.

조영진 Young-jin Cho , 임세훈 Sea-hoon Lim , 박철 Chul Park

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.356 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 356-363, 2025

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This study examines the institutional status of aircraft operation businesses in Korea and suggests improvement measures. A comparative analysis of general aviation systems in the United States, Japan, and Europe was conducted, along with descriptive statistics on 50 domestic operators and 173 aircraft. Interviews with practitioners in wildfire suppression, aerial spraying, and emergency medical services, together with a meta-review of related literature, were used for triangulation. The analysis identified five key limitations: undifferentiated registration, short-term low-cost contracts, lack of workforce training, insufficient insurance and financial support, and fragmented supervision. To address these issues, the study proposes a dual classification of operators, performance-based long-term contracts, a national workforce roadmap, financial subsidies, and a data-driven supervisory framework. These findings provide a policy basis for enhancing the stability and sustainability of high-risk public missions in Korea’s general aviation sector.

김용주 Kim Yongjoo , 박주은 Park Jueun , 이송희 Lee Songhee , 김성민 Kim Sungmin , 이종혁 Lee Jonghyuk

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.4.392 JANT Vol.29(No.4) 392-400, 2025

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In this paper, we present the design and verification of a Ku-band FMCW radio altimeter. The Ku-band FMCW radio altimeter is used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), missiles, and satellites. The Ku-band FMCW radio altimeter transmits a frequency-modulated continuous wave signal and calculates the altitude based on the frequency difference between the transmitted signal and the reflected signal reflected from the ground. The Ku-band FMCW radio altimeter consists of RFM and SPM. The size of the fabricated module is 112 x 135 x 41 mm and the weight is less than 1 kg. The operating altitude is 0 to 1500 m and the altitude accuracy is less than 1 m. at The maximum transmission output is 20 dBm or more, and the output value can be adjusted using a digital attenuator depending on the operating altitude. The AGC function is applied to the received signal to adjust the reception gain according to the reception sensitivity. The altitude is calculated through the FPGA in the SPM using the frequency difference between the transmitted signal and the received reflected signal.