김세준 Se-jun Kim , 최기영 Keeyoung Choi

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.135 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 135-146, 2025

---

This paper proposes an image-based navigation method that uses road networks instead of reference images from conventional image-referenced navigation. The algorithm, which compares road network data with aerial images from airborne cameras, offers several advantages over existing methods. The road network data is free of disturbances, experiences minimal distortion, and requires less storage space once binarized. Using OSM-based road networks and aerial/satellite imagery from Vworld, we constructed a training dataset. We replaced the CNN backbone of the Sat2Graph model with ConvNeXt to enhance road feature extraction, improved the loss function, and retained the GTE-based header to learn the topology of the road network. To increase matching accuracy between the extracted road mask and the OSM network, we adopted a convolution-based matching approach with topology-enhancing filters. Compared to conventional image-referenced navigation, the proposed method is more storage-efficient and remains robust even when images have limited feature points or are affected by clouds.

우창원 Changwon Woo , 송운경 Woon-kyung Song

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.147 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 147-158, 2025

---

This study explores strategies to improve training for air navigation aids maintainers, whose technical expertise is vital for flight safety, as seen in the Jeju Air accident at Muan Airport. This study reviews international standards and overseas training systems and surveys 178 participants from the Korea Airports Corporation. While participants express high awareness and satisfaction, issues such as limited course diversity, insufficient company support, and inadequate specialization remain. To improve training, this study suggests diverse educational methods like e-learning and virtual reality-based learning. Additionally, continuous professional development, certification programs, and enhanced instructor expertise are necessary to strengthen skills and ensure safe, stable operations.

홍성화 Sung-hwa Hong , 김병국 Byoung-kug Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.159 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 159-164, 2025

---

This study analyzes the inefficiencies in South Korea's coastal passenger transportation system and proposes an optimization plan through the introduction of a hub-and-spoke system. The simulation results indicate that the Mokpo-Hongdo, Mokpo-Amtae, and Mokpo-Docho routes demonstrate the highest economic feasibility and passenger volume. In particular, the Mokpo-Docho and Mokpo-Jangsan routes were evaluated as suitable for the implementation of a hub-and-spoke system. Meanwhile, although the Hyanghwa-Nakwol route has lower economic feasibility, it was designated as a pilot project area due to strong demand from island residents and local governments. This study demonstrates that optimizing coastal ferry routes can significantly improve both economic viability and operational efficiency.

손병욱 Byung Wok Son , 김휘양 Hui Yang Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.165 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 165-176, 2025

---

Although aircraft accidents have decreased significantly compared to the early days of the aviation industry due to the development of cutting-edge technology, a single accident can cause significant damage in terms of human life and finances. Accordingly, the International Civil Aviation Organization has been continuously making efforts to prevent that single accident, and has recently emphasized the importance of aviation safety data. However, the domestic reporting rate for aviation safety voluntary report, which is one of the important elements of aviation safety data, is low, and related research is insufficient. Therefore, this study examined the effects of factors affecting aviation safety voluntary report on the perception of individual pilots' aviation safety voluntary report and their willingness to report voluntarily. The results showed that factors affecting aviation safety voluntary report partially affected the perception of voluntary report, and only the perception factor of fear of aviation safety voluntary report affected the willingness to report voluntarily.

박광훈 Gwanghoon Park , 황수현 Suhyun Hwang , 홍승권 Seung Gwon Hong , 강금석 Keumseok Kang , 구성관 Sungkwan Ku

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.177 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 177-186, 2025

---

Circling approach is a method in which an aircraft circles and lands during the final approach phase when the direction of the aircraft landing on the runway is not aligned within 15 degrees to the direction of the runway. Circling approach requires more difficult aircraft maneuvers than straight approach, and there is a high possibility of an event occurring depending on the workload. In fact, at Gimhae Airport, the representative airport in Korea requiring circling approaches, sporadic events are occurring during circling approaches, and this paper is the result of applying scientific analysis methods to the circling approach area criteria, which can be a fundamental contributing factor to the occurrence of the event. First, the theoretical background and technical analysis results were presented, and then the flight track of an actual flights was analyzed and presented to suggest the direction of effective regulations and standards and the direction of scientific and practical safety management.

강지수 Ji-sue Kang , 김준환 Jun-hwan Kim , 백현진 Hyun-jin Paek , 최영재 Young-jae Choi

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.187 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 187-195, 2025

---

Due to the inherently low-frequency and high-risk nature of air transportation, a proactive approach to safety is imperative. This study employed ADS-B based trajectory data to identify seven potential safety precursors during the approach phase and examined their correlations and temporal antecedents. The analysis of 16,226 flights at three major domestic airports revealed that approximately 44% (7,079 flights) of the flights detected at least one precursor, with "approach high speed abnormality", "approach horizontal instability", and "approach low speed abnormality" accounting for 92% of the detected precursors. Of particular note is the finding that certain precursors frequently co-occurred or exhibited a precedent relationship, suggesting potential applications in future safety response strategies, such as pilot training. The significance of this study lies in its proposition of the feasibility of predictive safety management through the analysis of the interrelationships between precursors.

박경민 Kyungmin Park , 형성관 Sunggwan Hyoung , 이동민 Dongmin Lee , 권지훈 Jihun Kwon , 김주영 Juyoung Kim , 송정민 Jungmin Song , 나종화 Jongwhoa Na

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.196 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 196-206, 2025

---

Previous studies have consistently reported that condition-based maintenance+ (CBM+) is effective in reducing the operational and maintenance (O&M) costs of aircraft. In this study, the performance of avionics equipment was probabilistically modeled and applied to a reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) framework to validate the effectiveness of CBM+ compared to conventional maintenance strategies. A case study was conducted on the enhanced display control unit (EDCU), an avionics component of a helicopter. The results showed that CBM+ reduced O&M costs by up to 26.6% and improved mission availability by up to 22.4% compared to preventive maintenance. Furthermore, the cost-saving effect of CBM+ was more pronounced when the equipment had higher reliability and was operated over a longer period.

선창민 Chang Min Sun , 고강민 Kangmin Ko

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.207 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 207-215, 2025

---

In the modern aviation industry, safety behavior is a key factor that is greatly influenced by employee responsibility and psychological factors. This study analyzed the effect of skepticism and shame on safety behavior through self-esteem and job satisfaction for airline pilots. As a result of the study, it was found that skepticism negatively affects safety behavior and indirectly through self-esteem. Shame did not directly affect safety behavior, but it was confirmed that it had an indirect effect through self-esteem and job satisfaction. This suggests that self-esteem and job satisfaction are important mediating factors for safety behavior, and shows that a strategy to strengthen them is needed. This study proposes the necessity of an emotional support program and a psychological support plan to strengthen self-esteem to improve the safety culture of airlines, and suggests practical alternatives for pilots to effectively manage negative emotions and promote safety behavior.

양윤성 Yoonsung Yang , 최상일 Sangil Choi , 김휘양 Huiyang Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.216 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 216-225, 2025

---

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is expected to operate as a single fixed corridor or multiple dynamic corridors depending on the operational density. To prevent collisions between UAMs operating in multiple corridors, research on horizontal separation between parallel corridors must be conducted. While horizontal separation criteria should be established within ranges that meet the target level of safety (TLS) based on flight data and mathematical probability models, current limitations exist due to the absence of actual UAM flight data. This study defines the deviation area concept to address the limitations of UAM flight data and conducts simulations to analyze speed sensitivity and assess collision risk. The results indicate that cruise speed significantly affects the deviation area width, and based on the collision risk assessment, the horizontal separation distances for cruise speeds of 200, 250, and 300 km/h are determined to be 1,330 m, 1,710 m, and 2,050 m, respectively.

김민지 Minji Kim , 이동규 Dong-gyu Lee , 김경택 Kyung-taek Kim

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.226 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 226-232, 2025

---

In this study, for design approval identicality of the original part and the developed part was evaluated by test and computations method of the metal-based brake pads for transport aircraft (B737). The shape, size and chemical identicality of the developed brake pad were guaranteed through the use of identical materials that with traceability as aircraft materials and plastic deformation processing based on the reverse engineering results of the back plate, rivet guide and mesh plate of the original parts. The identicality of the physical·chemical and mechanical properties of the friction material was guaranteed by using elemental powders, particle size and mixing fraction of the same composition based on the reverse engineering results of the original friction material to ensure the identicality of dispersion ratio, sintering density and hardness of the friction materials. The results of this study were design approved by the US Federal Aviation Administration and a project number for supplemental type certificate was obtained.

김우곤 Woogon Kim , 고재원 Jaewon Koh , 서성부 Seongbu Seo , 배진우 Jinwoo Bae , 윤상현 Sanghyun Yoon , 강승택 Sungtek Kahng

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.233 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 233-241, 2025

---

For aircraft-to-satellite communication, a new antenna is designed. This gives high directivity required for the link with satellites and size-reduction for the airborne platforms, which is enabled by a metamaterial lens converging the EM wave from the source antenna. Moreover, the design introduces solutions proper for the cover for the aircraft antenna. The source antenna and its metamaterial lens are realized for a frequency band aimed at satellite communication. Especially, rectangular and circular apertures of metasurface lenses are developed and tested. The length of the covers manufactured through the etching process is 18.5 cm, smaller than arrays make high antenna gains of 21 dBi in theory and 19 dBi in the test where degradation is caused by connecting the feeding adaptor and mutual interference with the fixture.

김병국 Byoung-kug Kim , 왕수현 Soo-hyun Wang , 이재호 Jaeho Lee

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.242 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 242-247, 2025

---

This study investigates an object detection method using the YOLO11n.pt model on IoT devices with limited computational performance. The detection target is restricted to humans, and the object detection performance was evaluated using a Raspberry Pi 5. Additionally, a remote edge computing collaboration system utilizing a network was applied to enhance detection performance. The proposed implementation was tested under various scenarios, demonstrating improved object detection capabilities. This research is expected to serve as a valuable benchmark for evaluating the performance of IoT-based video analysis and real-time object detection technologies in the future.

김병국 Byoung-kug Kim , 차용훈 Yonghoon Cha , 왕수현 Soo-hyun Wang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.248 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 248-253, 2025

---

The P-3C maritime patrol aircraft operated by the Republic of Korea Navy is equipped with a distributed processing system to handle vast amounts of collected data. This distributed processing system gathers data measured by multiple mounted sensors, analyzes it, and selects appropriate monitoring elements, which are then managed by mission operators. The most patrol aircraft are also equipped with such systems, aiding numerous flight mission operators in performing their tasks smoothly. However, due to the physical environment, system malfunctions may frequently occur. Although a fundamental design has been established to address this issue, the large size of the system leads to extended recovery times in case of malfunctions. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a lightweight middle-layer relay system (DLP) for distributed tactical information sharing.

왕수현 Soo-hyun Wang

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.254 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 254-259, 2025

---

This study proposes a lightweight object detection model by integrating a multi-scale attention (MSA) module into the YOLOv8 architecture for precise detection of vessels of various sizes. To enable real-time operation in embedded environments, channel pruning and quantization techniques are applied to reduce the model's complexity. The proposed model is specifically designed for vessel detection in IR imagery, improving model size, computational cost, and inference speed while maintaining performance on small objects. An ablation study is conducted to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of each lightweighting technique, and experimental results demonstrate that the model can perform real-time detection even on Raspberry Pi. This research is meaningful in that it extends a performance-focused detection model into a lightweight version suitable for real-time deployment, and it is expected to be further applicable to other edge devices through additional lightweighting strategies.

박재삼 Jae-sam Park

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.260 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 260-266, 2025

---

This paper is a study on the implementation of a smart digital gas meter that can remotely measure gas usage for each household and detect gas leaks in advance, and an advanced gas meter calibration device that can calibrate and inspect such digital gas meters. The developed system can test up to 10 digital gas meters with one PC server to determine whether to calibrate and check errors, metering performance and re-inspect requirement. In this study, the hardware and firmware of the digital gas meter and the calibration and performance inspection program for server PC are designed. The developed digital gas meter and calibration device are assembled and used for test. The test results also shown that the developed gas meter can be applied for remote metering of gas usage in smart city. The results will be enable to make faster, more precise calibration and inspection, reducing mass production costs with excellent performance when used in mass-producing gas meters.

Hyeong-rae Kim , Jun-ho Kim , Yoon-ho Lee , Sun-ho Song , Byoung-sun Ahn , Hyuk-jun Oh

DOI:10.12673/jant.2025.29.2.267 JANT Vol.29(No.2) 267-270, 2025

---

This paper proposes an iterative direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method combined with the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming technique, aiming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of narrowband signals in noisy environments. A uniform linear array (ULA) composed of isotropic antennas is employed to collect the signals under the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The DOA is iteratively refined using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, allowing the beamformer to align more accurately with the true direction of the signal source. This iterative process effectively mitigates the self-nulling effect caused by directional mismatches in the MVDR beamformer. The proposed method achieved an average SNR improvement of 10.61 dB, demonstrating its effectiveness as a robust solution for enhancing narrowband signal quality, particularly in challenging low-SNR scenarios.